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L'enfance du Christ
''L'enfance du Christ'' ((英語:''The Childhood of Christ'')), Opus 25, is an oratorio by the French composer Hector Berlioz, based on the Holy Family's flight into Egypt (see Gospel of Matthew 2:13). Berlioz wrote his own words for the piece. Most of it was composed in 1853 and 1854, but it also incorporates an earlier work ''La fuite en Egypte'' (1850). It was first performed at the Salle Herz, Paris on 10 December 1854, with Berlioz conducting and soloists from the Opéra-Comique: Jourdan (Récitant), Depassio (Hérode), the couple Meillet (Marie and Joseph) and Bataille (Le père de famille).
Berlioz described ''L'enfance'' as a ''Trilogie sacrée'' (sacred trilogy). The first of its three sections depicts King Herod ordering the massacre of all newborn children in Judaea; the second shows the Holy Family of Mary, Joseph, and Jesus setting out for Egypt to avoid the slaughter, having been warned by angels; and the final section portrays their arrival in the Egyptian town of Sais where they are given refuge by a family of Ishmaelites. Berlioz was not religious as an adult but remained all his life susceptible to the beauty of the religious music that had enraptured him as a child.〔Berlioz wrote that the Roman Catholic faith had been for his first seven years the "joy of his life" and that, "although we have long since fallen out I kept the most tender memories of it" –''Memoirs'' pp. 3-4; Cairns Vol 1 p. 498. Michael Steinberg writes that "Berlioz was one of those seemingly paradoxical figures, agnostics or atheist who composed great works of sacred music.... The nearest he came in his adult years to having a god was in his passion for and faith in Shakespeare. 'It is you that are our father in heaven, if there is a heaven'" – ''Choral Masterworks''(Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 64.〕 ''L'enfance'' also shows some influence from the Biblical oratorios of Berlioz's teacher Jean-François Le Sueur.
==Background to the composition==
The idea for ''L'enfance'' went back to 1850 when Berlioz composed an organ piece for his friend Joseph-Louis Duc, called ''L'adieu des bergers'' (''The Shepherds' Farewell''). He soon turned it into a choral movement for the shepherds saying goodbye to the baby Jesus as he leaves Bethlehem for Egypt. Berlioz had the chorus performed as a hoax on 12 November 1850, passing it off as the work of an imaginary 17th-century composer "Ducré". He was gratified to discover many people who hated his music were taken in and praised it, one lady even going so far as to say, "Berlioz would never be able to write a tune as simple and charming as this little piece by old Ducré".〔Cairns Vol. 2 p.451〕 He then added a piece for tenor, ''Le repos de la sainte famille'' (''The Repose of the Holy Family'') and preceded both movements with an overture to form a work he called ''La fuite en Egypte''. It was published in 1852 and first performed in Leipzig in December, 1853. The premiere was so successful, Berlioz's friends urged him to expand the piece and he added a new section, ''L'arrivée à Sais'' (''The Arrival at Sais''), which included parts for Mary and Joseph. Berlioz, perhaps feeling the result was still unbalanced, then composed a third section to precede the other two, ''Le songe d'Hérode'' (''Herod's Dream'').
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